William e



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

WILLIAM E. SAWYER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO BERNARD LANDE, OF SAME PLAGE.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 254,056, dated February 21, 1882.

Application filed December 3, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concer-n:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM EDWARD SAW- YER, of New York, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useiul Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines,

of which the following is a specilication.

My invention relates to that class of machines for generating electric currents, having a paramagnetic rin g-a-rmature, around which an elec- 1o tric conductor is wound, and which is caused to revolve in magnetic fields; and it consists, first, of certain improvements in the parainagnetic ring, whereby it and the electric conductor wound thereon are kept at a moderate and r 5 safe temperature; and, second, of 'certain improvements in the construction of the frame and inducing electro-magnets and poles,where by the machine is very compact and efficient,

and simple and economical in construction.

DI'. Antonio Pacinotti, in the year 1860, in-

Ven ted a Inachinehavinga paramagnetic ringarmature provided with pole pieces, between which an electric conductor was wound, forming one continuous circuit, and joined at intervals to conmiutator-plates in such a manner as to produce a current of electricity, constant in direction and intensity, when the armature was caused to rotate before the poles ot' the fieldmagnets of the machine.

3o A modification of the Pacinotti machine, in which the pole-pieces of the rin g-armatu re were omitted and the whole ofthe ring surrounded by the electric conductor in one continuous circuit, was patented by Grainme and DIvernois in the year 1871.

Now, the armature forming a part of my present improvementsin dynamo-electric machines is the same as the Pacinotti armature in its principle ot' operation and in the method of 4o Winding the conductor thereon, and also in the construction ot' the paramagnctic ring as regards the projecting` pole-pieces, but with this essential diii'erence: the Pacinotti rin g and proj ectin g pole-pieces were solid, whereas the polepieces of my armature, as well as the parts of the ring surrounded by the conductor, are provided with air-passages so arranged as to cause constant currents of air to pass through the interiorof the ring as it rotates, for the purpose 5o before stated. v

The other improvements, as well as the particular construction of the armature, will be fully understood by the following description of the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of a dynamo-electric machine embodying my iinprovements. Fig. 2 is a transverse section cut through the line x. Fig. 3 is a plan view, showing the frame in central section. Fig. 4 6o shows part transverse sections and part side elevations ot' two arrangements of the air-pas sages for the circulation of air through the armature, the dividing-line being on y y. Fig.

5 is a part longitudinal section of the armature, 6 5 cut on the -line y y, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a part transverse section of the armature, showing another arrangement ofthe air-passages; and Fig. 7 is atransverse section ot' the same, cut on the line e e.

The armature consists of the dat ring c, holder-pieces b b, projecting an equal `distance on the inside and outside of it, and also on its ends, thus leaving recesses, in which is wound the insulated electric conductor c o, the outside layer of which is iush with the peripheral and end surfaces of the pole-pieces b Z). The armature, when so wound with the insulated conductor c, is secured at the central part ot' the inside periphery of the polar extensions b b to 8o the ring d of a diamagnetic wheel, of which c c are the spokes andf the hub. rlhe ring c and polar projections b b are cast in one piece, and 'preferably of malleableiron, which is cored out so as to provide air-passages through the ring and polar projections, the same continuing to the exterior periphery only, or through both the exterioran d interior peri phcries ofthe pole-- pieces b b.

At the right-hand side of the line g/ y, Fig. 9o 4, the air-passages g g are shown as passing through the center ot' the parts of the ring a, on which the wire c is wound, and out at the sides, as shown at section, Fig. l, thereby allowing the air flowing through the passages g g to come in contact with wire c, and also to liow between the various turns ot the wire. Further contact of the air with the wire may be had by perforating both parts ofthe ring a, as shown at gg. The airpassagesggextend roo out through the external periphery ofthe polar projections b b by the openings h h. At

the left-hand side of Fig. et the air-passages g g are shown as having exits t t at the internal periphery of the polar projections Z) b, as well as openings h h at their external periphery, said openings t' t being at the side of the rim Z of the diamagnetic wheel, as shown at Fig. 7, which is also a sectional view of Fig. 6. These two sets of openings hh andi z' provide for a better circulation of air through the passages g g as the armature revolves. These air-passages g g, as shown in the two arrangements ofthe samein Fig. a, may alsoin each case be considered as one continuous air-passage through the armature, havin g deflectors formed by the connecting-pieces j j in the body ofthe polar extensions Z) Z), to give the right direction to the air through the openings Zt ZL or the openings h h and 'Z fZ. In Figs. G and 7 the airpassages g g are shown as commencing at h, on the exterior periphery of each of the polar projections Z) b, passing through the parts of the ring a, as before described, and ending at t' on the interior periphery of each succeeding polar extension.

It is obvious that a constant circulation of air takes place through the air-passages as the armature rotates, and so keeps both the iron rings and the surrounding insulated wire comparatively cool, thus adding to the effectiveness of the machine by preventing any great increase of resistance on account of the increase of temperature in the wire, and insuring against damage to the same by excessive heating.

The improvements in the frame of the niachine consist in forming the base-plate 7c and side pieces,Z Z, of one piece of metal and connecting the side pieces together at their upper ends by the top plate, m. The side pieces, Z Z, are provided at their centers with bearin gs Z Z2, in which the shaft u rotates, and on them,

above and below these bearings, are wound the field-magnet coils o o.

The connecting-pieces c c ofthe conductor c pass out to the commutator q, through the guard-collar p, and through grooves formed in the contact-surfaces of the shaft a and the sleeve a', which forms one of the journals of the shaft a, said journal a being larger in diameter than the journal at the other end of the shaft. The shaft is provided with a key, a2, which tits into a keyway cut in the hub j', and with the guard-collarp, tittingin between the bearings Z Z2, so that there is no end-play to the armature. On the shaft a, just outside the bearing Z2, is secured the drivin g-pulley 1'.

To facilitate placing the armature in the frame, the bearing Z/ may be separable from its side piece, Z, of the frame, so that the ends of the connecting-pieces c c of the conductor c may be readily passed through the grooves under the sleeve a when the shaft is being passed through the hub f. The bearing Zl is then slipped over the sleeve a and secured to its side piece, Z, as shown in Fig. 3.

The magnetic field poles consist of the grooved curved castings s s', adapted to have the armature ring rotate freely therein, the surfaces t t of the grooves facing the out-side periphery, and the surfaces of the side fianges, u u', the ends of the armature-ring. These grooved curved poles s and s' are rigidly secured respectively to the top plate, m, and base-plate 7c of theframe. Tofurthersurroundtheconductor on the armature by the poles s s', as has been before suggested by others, to more fully utilize the induction in the conductor c from the poles of the field-magnets, I propose to bolt the curved plates c o to the inside edges, respectively, of the flanges a a', as shown at Figs. l and 2.

There is no novelty in my present improvements in dynamo-electric machines as regards the method of connecting the conductor c with the commutator q, nor in the method of winding and connecting the coils o o of the iicldmagnets; so it is unnecessary to further show or describe the same. The methods embodied in the Pacinotti, Gramme, and DIvernois or other machines embracing the same principles may be used in my machine.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by`Lettcrs Patent, 1s-

l. A rin g-armature on the Pacinotti principle, composed of one piece of metal, and having airpassages extending through thepartson which the induced conductor is wound and out at the external periphery of the polar projections, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. A ring-armature on the Pacinotti principle, composed of one piece of metal, and having air-passages extending through the parts on which the induced conductoris wound and out at the external and internal periphcries of the polar projections, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. A ring-armature core composed of the parts a a and polar extensions b, having airpassages g g and openings h h, in combination with the conductor c, wound on thc parts a a, substantially as set forth.

4. A ring-armature core having the polar projections b b, depressions a a, for the reception of the conductor c, the air-passage g g, openings h Zt in the outside periphery and openings z' in the inside periphery of the polar projections Z) b, substantially as set forth.

5. The armature composed of a paramagnetic ring with polar projections b Z), and having air-passages, as described, and an insulated electric conductor wound thereon between the polar projections, in combination with the diamagnetic wheel eZ cf, substantially as set forth.

6. A frame for dynamo-electric machines, composed of a base-plate, Zt', and side pieces, Z Z, having bearing Z Z2 in their center for the armature-shaft a, and forming cores for the coils of the field-magnets 0 o, substantially as described.

7. In combination with the frame 7s Z Z m, the grooved curved poles s s', substantially as set forth.

8. In combination, the frame 7s ZZm, poles IOO IOS

s s', having side flanges, u uf, and the curved passages g g and openings h h, in combination plates fu o', substantially as described. with the deiiectors j j,substantially as set forth. 9. In a dynamo-electric machine, the ring- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my armature a b c, diamagnetic wheel d ef, poles hand, at New York, county and State of New 5 s s', frame k Z l m, field-armature coils o o 0n York, this 1st day of December, A. l). 1881.

the side pieces l Z and bearings for the armature-shaft: in olie center thereof, substantially WILLIAM EDWARD SAWYER" as set forth. In presence of- 10. A ring-armature core composed of the ALFRED SHEDLOCK,

1o parts a a and polar extensions b, having air- GALEN C. THATGHER. 

